- Library Home /
- Search Collections /
- Open Collections /
- Browse Collections /
- UBC Theses and Dissertations /
- Factors associated with weight gain in women with breast...
Open Collections
UBC Theses and Dissertations
UBC Theses and Dissertations
Factors associated with weight gain in women with breast cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy Kutynec, Cheri Lee
Abstract
Breast cancer is second to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths for Canadian women, and is responsible for the greatest number of years of life lost. Most women with newly diagnosed early stage disease will be offered surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy as curative treatment. Although chemotherapy will be an important part of these patients' care, the tendency for breast cancer patients to gain weight with some forms of adjuvant chemotherapy has been reported over the past two decades. In addition to the body image concerns and possible health risks related to weight gain, an association between increased weight and earlier disease recurrence has been reported. The main purpose of this prospective study was to determine if weight gain occurs in premenopausal women who receive adjuvant chemotherapy using Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC) or radiation therapy, from baseline to completion of treatment at 12 weeks. A secondary purpose was to measure the major factors associated with energy balance, including energy intake, resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity. Body composition was also measured, using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), to describe the total and regional changes in lean and fat mass. Nineteen women completed the study, including nine women treated with four 21-day cycles of chemotherapy, and 10 women treated with radiation therapy who served as a comparison group. Statistical analysis using repeated measures ANOVA revealed that women in both groups had no weight change, from pre- to post-treatment. There were however significant changes in body composition for both treatment groups. All women in the study experienced a decrease in total lean mass (p=0.05) and lean mass in the leg region (p=0.02), an increase in percent body fat (p=0.04), and a trend for a gain in fat mass in the trunk region (p=0.08). In addition, there was a significant difference in the pattern of change in bone mass between groups from pre- to post-treatment (p=0.04). Women treated with chemotherapy tended to decrease bone mass (/?=0.14), whereas there was a tendency for women treated with radiation therapy to increase bone mass, from pre- to post-treatment (p=0.\5). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in any of the factors associated with energy balance. There were however trends for an increase in total energy expenditure (p=0.08) in both groups, and for a different pattern of change in carbohydrate intake between groups from pre- to post-treatment (/>=0.08). Women treated with chemotherapy tended to decrease carbohydrate intake, whereas there was a tendency for women treated with radiation therapy to increase carbohydrate intake, from pre- to post-treatment. Overall, the results of the study suggest that a shorter chemotherapy regimen using AC which uses a fewer number of antineoplastic agents and number of treatments than most protocols does not result in weight gain in premenopausal women with early stage breast cancer. Future research is recommended to investigate the loss of lean body mass in all women, with emphasis on more precise methods to measure physical activity, such as doubly labeled water. Furthermore, the tendency for bone loss in women treated with chemotherapy who experienced treatment-induced menopause requires further study to determine if there are any long-term consequences.
Item Metadata
Title |
Factors associated with weight gain in women with breast cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy
|
Creator | |
Publisher |
University of British Columbia
|
Date Issued |
1996
|
Description |
Breast cancer is second to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths for Canadian
women, and is responsible for the greatest number of years of life lost. Most women with newly
diagnosed early stage disease will be offered surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation
therapy as curative treatment. Although chemotherapy will be an important part of these
patients' care, the tendency for breast cancer patients to gain weight with some forms of
adjuvant chemotherapy has been reported over the past two decades. In addition to the body
image concerns and possible health risks related to weight gain, an association between
increased weight and earlier disease recurrence has been reported. The main purpose of this
prospective study was to determine if weight gain occurs in premenopausal women who receive
adjuvant chemotherapy using Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC) or radiation therapy,
from baseline to completion of treatment at 12 weeks. A secondary purpose was to measure the
major factors associated with energy balance, including energy intake, resting energy
expenditure (REE) and physical activity. Body composition was also measured, using dual
energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), to describe the total and regional changes in lean and fat
mass.
Nineteen women completed the study, including nine women treated with four 21-day
cycles of chemotherapy, and 10 women treated with radiation therapy who served as a
comparison group. Statistical analysis using repeated measures ANOVA revealed that women
in both groups had no weight change, from pre- to post-treatment. There were however
significant changes in body composition for both treatment groups. All women in the study experienced a decrease in total lean mass (p=0.05) and lean mass in the leg region (p=0.02), an
increase in percent body fat (p=0.04), and a trend for a gain in fat mass in the trunk region
(p=0.08). In addition, there was a significant difference in the pattern of change in bone mass
between groups from pre- to post-treatment (p=0.04). Women treated with chemotherapy
tended to decrease bone mass (/?=0.14), whereas there was a tendency for women treated with
radiation therapy to increase bone mass, from pre- to post-treatment (p=0.\5). There were no
statistically significant differences between groups in any of the factors associated with energy
balance. There were however trends for an increase in total energy expenditure (p=0.08) in both
groups, and for a different pattern of change in carbohydrate intake between groups from pre- to
post-treatment (/>=0.08). Women treated with chemotherapy tended to decrease carbohydrate
intake, whereas there was a tendency for women treated with radiation therapy to increase
carbohydrate intake, from pre- to post-treatment.
Overall, the results of the study suggest that a shorter chemotherapy regimen using AC
which uses a fewer number of antineoplastic agents and number of treatments than most
protocols does not result in weight gain in premenopausal women with early stage breast cancer.
Future research is recommended to investigate the loss of lean body mass in all women, with
emphasis on more precise methods to measure physical activity, such as doubly labeled water.
Furthermore, the tendency for bone loss in women treated with chemotherapy who experienced
treatment-induced menopause requires further study to determine if there are any long-term
consequences.
|
Extent |
8240443 bytes
|
Genre | |
Type | |
File Format |
application/pdf
|
Language |
eng
|
Date Available |
2009-02-06
|
Provider |
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
|
Rights |
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.
|
DOI |
10.14288/1.0087056
|
URI | |
Degree | |
Program | |
Affiliation | |
Degree Grantor |
University of British Columbia
|
Graduation Date |
1996-05
|
Campus | |
Scholarly Level |
Graduate
|
Aggregated Source Repository |
DSpace
|
Item Media
Item Citations and Data
Rights
For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use.